Cancer Surgery

Thoracic Cancer
Surgery —
Lung, Oesophagus
& Mediastinum

Comprehensive thoracic oncology surgery — from early-stage lung cancer resection to complex oesophagectomy, mediastinal tumour removal, chest wall reconstruction, and pulmonary metastasectomy. Open, VATS, and robotic approaches.

Lung Cancer Surgery
Oesophageal Cancer
Mediastinal Tumours
Robotic · VATS · Open
Surgeon
Dr. Vinod T. Gore · Research Fellowship, Thoracic Oncology — Tata Memorial Hospital
📍
Centre
Sahyadri Manipal Hospitals, Pune

Thoracic Oncology Surgery

Thoracic cancer surgery encompasses all cancer operations within the chest cavity — including the lungs, pleura, oesophagus, mediastinum (the space between the lungs), chest wall, and diaphragm. It is one of the most technically demanding fields in surgery, requiring comprehensive training, experience, and access to advanced surgical platforms.

Dr. Gore completed a Research Fellowship in Thoracic Oncology at Tata Memorial Hospital, Mumbai — India's highest-volume cancer centre — as part of his five-year comprehensive surgical oncology training. He has since built one of Pune's most active thoracic oncology programmes at Sahyadri Manipal Hospitals, including a prospective database of pulmonary metastasectomy cases.

Thoracic cancer surgery at Sahyadri Manipal Hospitals is performed using three approaches — conventional open thoracotomy, Video-Assisted Thoracoscopic Surgery (VATS), and the da Vinci robotic platform — with the approach selected based on tumour characteristics, patient fitness, and the type of procedure required. The robotic approach offers superior 3D vision, reduced blood loss, and significantly faster recovery.

A Note from Dr. Gore Thoracic Surgical Oncologist · Research Fellowship, TMH
Research Fellowship — Thoracic Oncology · Tata Memorial Hospital

Thoracic oncology is a field where getting the surgical approach right matters enormously — for both the oncological outcome and the patient's quality of life afterwards. A patient who recovers from lobectomy in 3 days with a robotic approach versus 10 days after open thoracotomy can start chemotherapy sooner and tolerate it better.

My training at Tata Memorial — including a specific Research Fellowship in Thoracic Oncology — gave me a thorough grounding in all aspects of chest cancer surgery. I apply this experience at Sahyadri Manipal Hospitals, where we offer the full spectrum from early-stage VATS procedures to complex chest wall resections and oesophagectomies.

— Dr. Vinod T. Gore, MBBS MS FAIS FIAGES FARIS (Edin)

What We Treat — Thoracic Cancers

A full spectrum of thoracic malignancies — from the most common (lung cancer) to rare chest tumours requiring complex resection and reconstruction.

Lung Cancer

Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and small cell lung cancer — lobectomy, segmentectomy, pneumonectomy, wedge resection

Oesophageal Cancer

Squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma of the oesophagus and gastro-oesophageal junction — open, MIS and robotic esophagectomy

Mediastinal Tumours

Thymoma, teratoma, lymphoma, neurogenic tumours, germ cell tumours — robotic and open mediastinal resection

Chest Wall Tumours

Primary chest wall tumours, sarcoma, metastatic deposits, rib tumours — resection with mesh or prosthetic reconstruction

Pulmonary Metastases

Metastasectomy for isolated or limited pulmonary metastases from colorectal, sarcoma, renal, breast, and other primaries

Pleural Tumours

Malignant pleural mesothelioma, pleural metastases — pleurectomy, decortication, cytoreductive procedures

Tracheal & Carinal Tumours

Tracheal resection and reconstruction for primary tracheal tumours or tumours invading the trachea from adjacent structures

Diaphragmatic Tumours

Primary and secondary diaphragmatic tumours — resection with patch reconstruction; diaphragmatic involvement in pleural or abdominal cancers

Lung Cancer Surgery

Surgery remains the only potentially curative treatment for early-stage lung cancer. The procedure performed depends on the tumour size, location, extent of disease, and the patient's lung function reserve.

Robotic Lung Cancer Surgery — Full Information

Complete details of robotic lobectomy, segmentectomy, and VATS lung surgery — patient eligibility, procedure steps, recovery, and outcomes.

bestroboticsurgeonpune.in/Robotic Lung Surgery
Know More  →

Lung cancer surgery requires careful pre-operative staging — including PET-CT, CT-guided biopsy, pulmonary function tests (spirometry, DLCO), and occasionally mediastinoscopy or EBUS to assess mediastinal nodes. Only patients with adequate lung reserve and no distant metastases are candidates for curative resection.

The guiding oncological principle is to remove the tumour with an adequate margin while preserving as much functional lung as possible. Lobectomy (removal of an entire lobe) remains the standard for most tumours — but sublobar resection (segmentectomy or wedge) is increasingly used for small peripheral tumours, particularly in patients with limited reserve.

Lobectomy

Removal of an entire lobe — the oncological gold standard for most resectable NSCLC. Can be performed open, VATS, or robotically. Systematic mediastinal lymph node dissection performed simultaneously.

Segmentectomy (Anatomical)

Removal of one or more bronchopulmonary segments — preserves more lung than lobectomy. Increasingly preferred for tumours <2cm, ground-glass opacities, and limited reserve patients.

Wedge Resection

Non-anatomical removal of a peripheral tumour with a margin — for very small tumours (<1cm), metastasectomy, or patients with severely limited pulmonary reserve.

Pneumonectomy

Removal of an entire lung — required for central tumours involving the main bronchus or pulmonary artery. Significant impact on lung reserve; careful patient selection essential.

Sleeve Resection

Resection of the tumour-bearing bronchus with end-to-end anastomosis — preserves lung by avoiding pneumonectomy. Technically demanding but yields better functional outcomes.

Lung Cancer — Surgical Staging Guide
Stage I
Surgery alone — curative. Lobectomy or segmentectomy. 5-year survival 70–90% for Stage IA. No lymph node involvement.
Stage II
Surgery + adjuvant chemotherapy. Hilar node involvement or tumour >5cm. Surgery followed by 4 cycles of platinum-based chemotherapy.
Stage IIIA
Multimodal — neoadjuvant then surgery or chemoradiation. Mediastinal node involvement — selected cases operable after downstaging.
Stage IIIB/C
Chemoradiation ± immunotherapy. Typically not surgical. Durvalumab consolidation after chemoradiation improves survival.
Stage IV
Systemic therapy. Targeted therapy (EGFR, ALK, ROS1) or immunotherapy based on molecular profile. Surgery palliative only.

Oesophageal Cancer Surgery — Oesophagectomy

Oesophagectomy — removal of the oesophagus and reconstruction using the stomach or colon — is one of the most complex operations in surgical oncology, requiring expertise in both thoracic and upper GI surgery.

Robotic Oesophagectomy — Full Information

Complete details of robotic-assisted oesophagectomy — procedure steps, patient eligibility, recovery, and outcomes compared to open and MIS approaches.

bestroboticsurgeonpune.in/Robotic Esophagectomy
Know More  →

Oesophageal cancer surgery is indicated for Stage I–III resectable disease after appropriate staging with PET-CT, CT, and endoscopic ultrasound (EUS). Most patients with locally advanced oesophageal cancer receive neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (CROSS protocol — Carboplatin + Paclitaxel + 41.4 Gy radiation) before surgery, which significantly improves survival.

The operation involves removing the entire oesophagus (or the affected segment) along with surrounding lymph nodes, then reconstructing the food passage — most commonly by pulling the stomach up through the chest (gastric conduit) or using a segment of colon. A two-team approach (abdominal + thoracic dissection) is often used for optimal efficiency and safety.

Dr. Gore's training at Tata Memorial Hospital — one of India's highest-volume oesophageal cancer centres — provides a strong foundation in all oesophagectomy approaches and their respective complication management.

Ivor Lewis Oesophagectomy

Abdominal + right thoracic approach — gold standard for mid and lower oesophageal tumours. Gastric conduit anastomosed in the right chest. Most widely performed oesophagectomy technique.

Standard Open / MIS

Three-Field (McKeown) Oesophagectomy

Abdominal + thoracic + neck approach — for upper oesophageal tumours or when cervical nodes need clearance. Anastomosis in the neck — lower leak risk but greater complexity.

Open / Hybrid MIS

MIS / Hybrid Oesophagectomy

Minimally invasive approach — laparoscopic abdominal dissection + thoracoscopic chest dissection. Less blood loss, faster recovery, equivalent oncological outcomes to open approach. Increasingly the standard of care.

Minimally Invasive

Robotic Oesophagectomy

Robot-assisted oesophagectomy — superior visualisation and precise dissection around the thoracic duct, azygos vein, and bronchi. Significantly reduces blood loss and conversion rates compared to standard MIS.

Robotic — da Vinci

Mediastinal Tumours — Diagnosis & Surgical Removal

The mediastinum — the space between the two lungs — contains the heart, great vessels, trachea, oesophagus, thymus, and lymph nodes. Tumours arising here span a wide range of pathologies, each requiring a specific surgical approach.

Robotic Mediastinal Tumour Surgery — Full Information

Robotic thymectomy, teratoma removal, and mediastinal mass resection — complete details at Dr. Gore's dedicated robotic surgery website.

bestroboticsurgeonpune.in/Robotic Mediastinal Tumour
Know More  →
Anterior Mediastinum

Thymoma & Thymic Carcinoma

The most common anterior mediastinal tumour in adults. Thymoma arises from the thymus and ranges from encapsulated (Stage I–II, excellent prognosis) to invasive (Stage III–IV). Complete surgical resection (thymectomy) is the cornerstone of treatment — now increasingly performed robotically.

Myasthenia gravis occurs in 30–40% of thymoma patients — thymectomy is also the treatment for myasthenia. Robotic thymectomy offers superior complete resection of thymic tissue with minimal invasiveness.

ThymomaThymic Ca.Thymic Carcinoid
Anterior Mediastinum

Germ Cell Tumours — Teratoma

Mediastinal germ cell tumours (mature teratoma, seminoma, non-seminomatous) typically arise in the anterior mediastinum. Mature teratomas are benign and cured by surgical resection. Malignant germ cell tumours require chemotherapy (BEP — Bleomycin, Etoposide, Cisplatin) followed by surgical resection of residual mass.

Robotic resection of teratoma allows precise dissection even when the mass is adherent to pericardium or great vessels — particularly valuable in anterior mediastinal surgery.

Mature TeratomaSeminomaNSGCT
Middle Mediastinum

Lymphoma & Lymph Node Masses

Hodgkin's lymphoma most commonly presents as a middle mediastinal mass. Surgery's role is primarily diagnostic (biopsy) rather than curative — tissue sampling for histological diagnosis and molecular characterisation to guide chemotherapy. Surgical biopsy is preferred when EBUS or CT-guided biopsy has been non-diagnostic.

Mediastinoscopy or VATS biopsy provides adequate tissue for comprehensive immunohistochemistry and molecular testing — essential for correct lymphoma classification and treatment selection.

Hodgkin's LymphomaDLBCLMediastinal Nodes
Posterior Mediastinum

Neurogenic Tumours

Neurogenic tumours — schwannoma, neurofibroma, paraganglioma, ganglioneuroma — arise from the neural structures of the posterior mediastinum (sympathetic chain, intercostal nerves). Most are benign and cured by complete surgical excision. Some require careful dissection from the spinal column and foramina — occasionally requiring a combined neurosurgical approach.

VATS or robotic resection of posterior mediastinal tumours offers excellent access with minimal morbidity — preserving chest wall function and enabling rapid recovery.

SchwannomaNeurofibromaParagangliomaGanglioneuroma

Chest Wall Surgery & Pulmonary Metastasectomy

🦴 Chest Wall Tumour Resection

Primary chest wall tumours (sarcoma, chondrosarcoma, Ewing's sarcoma, desmoid tumours) and secondary tumours (breast cancer chest wall recurrence, direct invasion from lung cancer) often require en-bloc chest wall resection — removing ribs, intercostal muscles, and overlying soft tissue.

Reconstruction of the chest wall defect — using polypropylene mesh, PTFE patch, methylmethacrylate prosthesis, or myocutaneous flaps — is critical to maintaining structural integrity and breathing mechanics. Dr. Gore's training in plastic and reconstructive surgery at Sassoon General Hospital provides a unique advantage in complex chest wall reconstructive procedures.

  • En-bloc rib resection for primary and secondary chest wall tumours
  • Chest wall reconstruction with mesh, prosthesis, or flap
  • Breast cancer chest wall recurrence — combined ECT and surgical excision
  • Soft tissue sarcoma of the chest wall — limb-sparing principles applied to chest

Pulmonary Metastasectomy

Surgical removal of pulmonary metastases from extra-pulmonary primaries — most commonly colorectal cancer, sarcoma, renal cell carcinoma, melanoma, and breast cancer — in selected patients with controlled primary disease, limited metastatic burden, and adequate pulmonary reserve.

Pulmonary metastasectomy can achieve meaningful long-term survival — particularly for colorectal liver and lung metastases, and for sarcoma pulmonary metastases. Careful patient selection (PET-CT staging, oncological review, pulmonary function assessment) is essential before proceeding.

  • Wedge resection for peripheral metastatic nodules — VATS or robotic approach
  • Multiple metastases — bilateral staged or simultaneous resection where indicated
  • Repeat metastasectomy for recurrent pulmonary deposits in selected patients
  • Combined liver + lung metastasectomy planned in coordination with HPB team
100+

Pulmonary metastasectomy cases in Dr. Gore's prospective database — one of India's largest single-surgeon series

Open, VATS & Robotic — Choosing the Right Approach

The surgical approach for thoracic cancer is tailored to each patient — balancing oncological completeness, technical feasibility, and the patient's recovery capacity.

APPROACH 01

Open Thoracotomy

Standard posterior-lateral or anterior thoracotomy — direct access, excellent exposure for complex central tumours, sleeve resections, and chest wall involvement. Required for tumours with dense adhesions, central vascular involvement, or very large masses.

Best for complex central tumours
Allows tactile feedback and direct vessel control
No size limitation for specimen removal
APPROACH 02

VATS — Video-Assisted Thoracoscopy

Minimally invasive thoracic surgery using a thoracoscopic camera and long instruments through 2–4 small port incisions. Established standard for peripheral tumours, wedge resections, and increasingly for anatomical lobectomy. Less pain, faster recovery than open thoracotomy.

Significantly less post-operative pain
3–5 day hospital stay vs 7–10 days open
Equivalent oncological outcomes to open

Robotic Thoracic Surgery — Complete Information

Detailed information on all robotic thoracic procedures, patient eligibility, recovery timelines, and outcomes by Dr. Vinod T. Gore — FARIS Edinburgh, Best Robotic Oncosurgeon NBT 2024.

bestroboticsurgeonpune.in/Robotic Thoracic
Visit Robotic Thoracic Page  →

Training, Experience & Expertise

Dr. Gore's thoracic oncology expertise is built on a foundation of Tata Memorial Hospital training — including a specific Research Fellowship in Thoracic Oncology — complemented by over three decades of active thoracic surgical practice at Sahyadri Manipal Hospitals, Pune.

He performs the complete range of thoracic cancer procedures — from straightforward VATS wedge resections to complex oesophagectomies, chest wall resections, and mediastinal tumour removals — using whichever approach best serves the individual patient's oncological and functional goals.

Research Fellowship — Thoracic Oncology

Tata Memorial Hospital, Mumbai — dedicated thoracic oncology research fellowship as part of 5-year comprehensive surgical oncology training

FARIS Edinburgh · Robotic Thoracic Surgery

Fellowship in Advanced Robotic & Innovative Surgery — University of Edinburgh. Robotic lobectomy, segmentectomy, thymectomy, and mediastinal resection

Best Robotic Oncosurgeon — Navbharat Times 2024

Recognised for excellence in robotic cancer surgery including thoracic procedures — at Sahyadri Manipal Hospitals, Pune

100+
Pulmonary metastasectomy cases — prospective database
5 yrs
Tata Memorial Hospital training — including Thoracic Oncology Fellowship
3
Surgical approaches: Open · VATS · Robotic (da Vinci)
FARIS
University of Edinburgh — international robotic surgery fellowship

Frequently Asked Questions

I have been diagnosed with lung cancer. Am I suitable for surgery?
Suitability for lung cancer surgery depends on three factors: the stage of the cancer (is it localised?), your lung function (do you have enough reserve to tolerate removal of lung tissue?), and your overall fitness for a major operation. Stage I–II NSCLC is generally surgically resectable. Stage IIIA is selected for surgery after multidisciplinary assessment. Stages IIIB and IV are not usually surgical. A PET-CT, pulmonary function tests, and consultation with Dr. Gore will determine your candidacy.
What is the difference between VATS and robotic thoracic surgery?
Both are minimally invasive — using small port incisions rather than a large open thoracotomy. VATS uses a standard thoracoscope (2D or 3D) and long straight instruments. Robotic surgery uses the da Vinci system — providing 10–15× magnified 3D vision, wristed instruments with 7 degrees of freedom, and tremor filtration. Robotic surgery is technically superior, particularly for complex hilar dissection, sleeve resections, and mediastinal work. Recovery times are similar; robotic surgery tends to produce less blood loss and conversion rates. For full details on robotic thoracic surgery, visit bestroboticsurgeonpune.in/Robotic Thoracic.
What is a mediastinal tumour and is it always cancer?
No — not all mediastinal tumours are malignant. Many are benign: mature teratomas, benign schwannomas, and low-grade thymomas are cured by complete surgical resection. The nature of the tumour depends on its location within the mediastinum (anterior, middle, or posterior) and the patient's age. All mediastinal masses require imaging, tumour marker assessment, and often biopsy to establish the diagnosis before treatment. Surgical resection is the primary treatment for most mediastinal tumours regardless of whether they are benign or malignant.
How long is the recovery after lung cancer surgery?
Recovery depends on the approach and extent of surgery. After VATS or robotic lobectomy: 3–5 days hospital stay, return to light activity in 2–3 weeks, full recovery in 4–6 weeks. After open thoracotomy: 7–10 days hospital, 6–8 weeks full recovery. After pneumonectomy (entire lung removed): longer — typically 10–14 days hospital and 8–12 weeks full recovery. Chest physiotherapy begins the day after surgery and is critical for preventing pneumonia and respiratory complications.
Can lung metastases from another cancer be operated?
Yes — pulmonary metastasectomy is appropriate in selected patients. The criteria are: the primary cancer is controlled, the lung deposits are limited in number, all deposits appear technically resectable, there are no other distant metastases, and lung function is adequate. Colorectal cancer, sarcoma, renal cell carcinoma, and selected breast and thyroid cancers are the most common indications. Dr. Gore has a dedicated prospective database of 100+ pulmonary metastasectomy cases — one of India's largest single-surgeon series.
Do I need chemotherapy before oesophageal cancer surgery?
For most locally advanced oesophageal cancers (Stage II–III), neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (the CROSS protocol — Carboplatin + Paclitaxel + 41.4 Gy radiation over 5 weeks) is the standard before surgery. This shrinks the tumour, improves resectability, and significantly improves survival. For early oesophageal cancers (T1–T2 N0), surgery alone may be appropriate. The exact sequence is determined at the multidisciplinary tumour board after complete staging with CT, PET-CT, and endoscopic ultrasound.

Consult Dr. Gore for Thoracic Cancer

If you or a family member has been diagnosed with lung cancer, oesophageal cancer, or a mediastinal tumour — book a consultation with Dr. Gore for a complete surgical assessment, staging review, and treatment plan.

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